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Showing posts with label Culture. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Culture. Show all posts

 Krama, Unforgetful Heritage from Cambodia..


Krama (or Kroma) 'ក្រមា' is a traditional Cambodian scarf made from cotton or silk, characterized by its checkered pattern, usually in red-and-white or blue-and-white. It is a symbol of Cambodian identity and cultural heritage, serving both practical and symbolic purposes in everyday life.


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History of Krama Fabric


1. Ancient Origins:


The origins of the krama can be traced back over a thousand years, linked to the weaving traditions of the Khmer people. Historical depictions of similar fabrics can be seen in bas-reliefs of ancient temples like Angkor Wat, suggesting that textiles were integral to Khmer culture.


2. Cultural Significance:


Krama weaving evolved through generations, becoming deeply embedded in Cambodian society. Traditionally, families would hand-weave krama for personal use or as offerings during religious ceremonies.


3. Symbol of National Identity:


The krama gained political and cultural significance in modern Cambodian history. During the Khmer Rouge era (1975-1979), the krama became a recognizable symbol, as the regime used it as part of the mandatory clothing for all citizens. Despite its dark association with this era, the krama has been reclaimed as a proud emblem of Cambodian heritage.


4. Modern Revival:


In recent years, the krama has experienced a revival, becoming a fashionable accessory while retaining its cultural essence. Cambodian artisans continue to hand-weave krama using traditional techniques, supporting local economies and preserving their heritage.


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Uses of Krama in Khmer way of Life


The krama is versatile and serves many purposes, including:


🏂🏼Clothing Accessory: As a scarf, head covering, or belt.


🧕🏼Protective Gear: To shield from the sun, dust, or cold.


👼🏻Practical Tool: Used as a towel, baby carrier, or even a fishing net.


👸🏻Cultural Symbol: Worn during traditional dances, ceremonies, and festivals.


Traditional Khmer woven textile krama (ក្រមា), has been officially inscribed on UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This recognition was announced during the 19th session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, held in Asunción, Paraguay, in December 2024.


#khmerculture 

#KhmerCultureToTheWorld

#ASEAN #SoutheastAsia

#Krama #KramaCloth 

#Fabric #Traditional #Heritage #Unesco

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Khmer krama has a history of over 2200 years? ----- Congratulations to the Khmer "krama" for being inscribed on UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.🎉 UNESCO congratulates Cambodia for the inscription of the Krama onto the Representative List of the #Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
🇰🇭🤝 This unique expression of Cambodian culture, a fabric which holds extraordinary socio-cultural value, and encompasses all aspects of the daily lives of Cambodian people, is the product of traditional knowledge and skills that have been transmitted through the generations and need to be preserved and developed as drivers of social cohesion and community engagement.
🧵🌱 The nomination of the Krama constitutes a great opportunity to promote the rich intangible heritage of Cambodia at a global level and support the work of Cambodia’s small and medium enterprises which harness the potential of traditional handicrafts as drivers for economic growth, women’s empowerment, and sustainable development. On behalf of the Cambodian People’s Party and the Senate of Cambodia, I would like to express my congratulations on the inscription of the Khmer krama on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of UNESCO in Asunción, Republic of Paraguay, on Wednesday, 4th of the month of Migasir, year of the Chasak of the Year 2568, corresponding to 4th December 2024, by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of UNESCO, which was unanimously adopted through decision 19.COM 7.b.27. This inscription is another pride of Cambodia, which has achieved achievements for the nation and the entire Cambodian people. This is a value for Cambodia and the international community in preserving, protecting and promoting the value of “krama” as a heritage for future generations of humanity. On this auspicious occasion, I would like to express my deep gratitude to Her Majesty Queen Norodom Monineath Sihanouk, the Mother of the Khmer Nation, and His Majesty King Norodom Sihamoni, the King of the Kingdom of Cambodia, for their constant support for the Royal Government’s efforts in the field of national cultural heritage, especially intangible cultural heritage that is vulnerable to loss. On this occasion, I would like to express my appreciation for the dedication, support, and close collaboration between the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts, relevant institutions, and national and international experts in the duty of joint cooperation in preserving, protecting, and promoting the value of “Krama” as a legacy for future generations.
👉 Learn more about it here https://unes.co/s766m2 #SharingHumanity

 

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 BEAUTIFUL CAMBODIAN(KHMER ) TRADITIONAL WEDDING CERAMONY, KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA 🇰🇭

In Khmer wedding, it has a lot of ceremonies held in chronological orders. They show the historical roots related to the Buddha’s period which existed ages ago. According to a book “Khmer Wedding Rules” of Oknha Nov, it puts that in ancient Khmer wedding laws, people perform a song describing God Vesandor Borom Pothisat arranging the marriage between his children – Chealy and Kroesna. And some other songs are about the marriage arrangement of God Ream and Seda. Oknha Nov wrote that the current wedding preparations are arranged according to the rules drawn up by King Preah Chey Chesda Thebdey.

According to the king’s book, it puts that all ceremonies in Khmer wedding are related to mythical stories such as a story "Som Sla Kanseng". It is told that there were two men who went to feed their buffalos in the field would like to make friends with each other and wanted to be relative by marriage with each other because one had a son and the other had a daughter. In order to prove their words, they ask for betel nuts packed in krama from each other to show their promise that their children would marry to each other.

Another story is “the three betel flowers”. It describes that there were four men who had different skills – swimming, shooting, fortune telling, and magic. After completing their study, they returned home. Along the way back near a stream, the fortune teller said that day they were going to meet a girl and become their wife. Then a big bird swooped down on a girl, Khemry, who was having a bath. Right away the shooting man took his bow and shot the bird down back to the stream.

The swimmer then swam to bring her to the ground but she was just dead. After that the magic man helped her be alive again. All four men felt in love with the lad, so they were judged by the Buddha that she would become a wife of someone who swam to help her because he was able to touch her body first. And the fortune teller, magic man, and shooting man would become the father, mother, and brother respectively. Since then in all weddings, the bride and the groom must have three betel flowers in order to show gratitude towards their parents and brothers/sisters.

Setting-the-date ceremony and the groom holding the scarf are told that Prince Thaong was married to Princess Tevtey, a daughter of the sea dragon king. After setting the date already, Tevtey had to bring him to her father at dragon world, so the sea dragon’s daughter asked the prince to hold her scarf in order to dive into the dragon world. In the meanwhile, the dragon king commanded his man to kill the prince at the gate in order to test the prince’s ability. But the daughter had known this; hence, she disguised herself as the prince by changing her skirt and it was put on the prince instead so that the killer was not able to kill the prince. That is why in the current Khmer wedding it was seen that there is clothes change between the groom and the bride, and the groom holding the bride’s scarf in to the room, accompanied by “Phat Cheay and Neang Neak” songs, etc.

The ceremony called “Chey Haong Sousdey Haong Men Haong” in wedding ceremony performed until now is followed by an ancient story recorded in “the rules of wedding” book. It describes that Once upon a time there were two brothers – Chey and Sousdey. At that time, there was no king to continue after the previous king had died in Cambodia, so the officials in the palace relied on the holy elephant and horse to find a man to be their king. Then the animals approached the brothers’ house. Consequently, they knew that one of the brothers was the suitable man to be crowned. Chey became the king and Sousdey became his assistant at the same time. When crowned, the people whooped to bless the king. They said “Chey Haong Sousdey Haong Men Haong” simultaneously. The blessing is adapted to use in the wedding until now."Bongvil Popil" ceremony in the Khmer wedding is also written in “collective Khmer legends” book, volume 9. According to the legend, it is told that once upon a time, there was a man named Chey Sorya who had completed the magic training already from Eyso God, so he asked the God for a sacred relic as a blessing tool for the weddings of human being. Then the God gave the man a replica of his penis and a replica of his wife’s vagina as the blessing tools to spread their reputation in the world. Eyso God took diamond sand from the universe to make a gold banyan leaf representing his wife’s vagina and took a diamond rock from Himalaya Mountain to make a candle representing his penis and supposed them to be “two blessings”. He then told the man to take the candle wrapped in the banyan leaf to circle three times around grooms and brides in order to inhale the smoke making them powerful. The “Popil” ceremony is believed to bring harmony and joyfulness for the new couples making them successful in all challenges. Since Khmer people firmly and sincerely believe in “Popil”, it is performed not only in wedding ceremony but also in other ceremonies such as housewarming, birthday, etc.

"Holding a Sword" tradition in the wedding progress is also told that once upon a time there was a high ranking knight in Peareansey Palace, who fell in love with a daughter of the villager and deposit a piece of gold as a dowry and promised to marry in three months’ time. Three years had gone, so she was married to her neighbor villager but on the wedding day, the knight appeared and took out his sword and killed the man who was the groom. Then the chief clergyman had prayed to dismiss all bad things at the place. The clergyman had analyzed on the power of the sword. That is why people use a sword in the wedding when the bride and the groom are in pair for blessing.

Wedding ceremony is very meaningful for each of individual’s life who follows their tradition and the laws of the country. That is why this ceremony is carefully dealt with concerning to choosing the date which is believed to bring luck and harmony for the people’s lives and starting a new families. Some families do not allow their children to marry in the rain season and some delay it for two years after the engagement ceremony because of the fortune telling.

According to Mr. Nhean Phoeun, a researcher and publisher of Khmer tradition of national and international festival committee, he said that Khmer tradition allows people to marry only in a period of six months in a year but not the other six. Wedding can be carried out only in the 30-day months. Those six months could be in early May, July, October, January, and March. But for engagement ceremony and matching the natural chemistry between son and daughter, they could be performed in any month.

He continued that for the above months, there are only 7 days of each month that are good days. According to the Khmer tradition, they should not perform on their birthday, religious day, lunar or and solar eclipse, and during Khmer new years.

Actually, the reason people do not get married in the rain season is that there are a lot of rains that make it difficult for the wedding reception, procession, and other ceremonies. It is also difficult for the guests travelling to wedding party and it is when farmers are busy with their fields.

#Hun Manet ❤️#Chanmony Pich❤️🇰🇭
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I am very proud to have performed the “Apsara Dance” at the finale of the Miss Planet International preliminary competition in order to promote the wonderful culture of Cambodia. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Vy Ratana Vy Ratana Art Culture for spending her precious time to train me. Thank you to everyone who helped me out behind the scenes. HAIR EXTENSION : Diamond Salon HQ MUA : Lin Ravat HAIR : Tuy En Hairstyle #DetSreyneat #MissPlanetCambodia2024 #MissPlanetInternational2024 #BeautyForHumanity #MPI

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 CAMBODIAN HARP (KHMER HARP) ,KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA 🇰🇭

The Khmer Harp(ពិណ) derived from Sanskrit word Venna or Vina(वीणा).

This musical instrument gave the name to Cambodian traditional musical ensemble.

The harp may have been introduced to Cambodia once Funan period ,however the earliest surviving depiction of the harp in Cambodia is dated to the 6-7th century on the temple at Sambo Prey Kok in Kampong Thom Province,the capital of Chenla era.

The instrument appeared in Hindu religious art in Khmer temples dating back Between 6 th- 13th centuries AD.

The instrument was recorded in a bas-reliefs at Bayon temple,Cambodia,a Buddhist temple built in the 12th to 13 th century AD.

During Angkor period (9th-15th centuries AD),it was still being played in the royal Cambodian(Khmer)ensemble.

@Angkor wat of Cambodia 

@Khmer empire 

@Khmer traditional costumes 

@Khmer apsaras classical dance 

@Khmer royal ballet classical dance 

@Cambodia of wonder .

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 𝗕𝗼𝗻 𝗢𝗺 𝗧𝗼𝘂𝗸 𝗿𝘁𝘆 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗮𝗸𝗲𝘀 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗮𝗺𝗯𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗮 𝗱𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹 𝗺𝗼𝗼𝗻 𝗶𝗻 𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝗿 𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗡𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝘀 𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗮𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗔𝘀𝗶𝗮. 𝗘𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗯𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹, 𝗯𝘂𝘁 𝗣𝗵𝗻𝗼𝗺 𝗣𝗲𝗻𝗵 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗮𝗻𝘁. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝗱𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝗻𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀. 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝘆 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗱𝗼𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗮 𝘀𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗯𝗼𝗮𝘁 𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮 𝗻𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗹 𝘃𝗶𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝘄𝗼𝗻 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗹𝗳𝘁𝗵 𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆 𝗯𝘆 𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗝𝗮𝘆𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗩𝗜𝗜.

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗙𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁  𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹 𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗮𝗺𝗯𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗮, 𝗽𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗿𝘆 𝗴𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗵𝗻𝗼𝗺 𝗣𝗲𝗻𝗵 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝘁𝗼 𝘀𝗲𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝗼𝗮𝘁 𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗲, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘂𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝗼𝗮𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝗲𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗶𝘀 𝗳𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗱 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗽𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗲, 𝗳𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗹𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝘀.

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗯𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘄𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗸 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝟭𝟮𝘁𝗵 𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘄𝗮𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗯𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗼 𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗿 𝗞𝗵𝗺𝗲𝗿 𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗝𝗮𝘆𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗩𝗜𝗜 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗺𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗮𝗿𝗺𝘆 𝘄𝗵𝗼 𝗱𝗲𝗳𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗺 𝗽𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗲.

𝗣𝗵𝗻𝗼𝗺 𝗣𝗲𝗻𝗵'𝘀 𝗽𝗼𝗽𝘂𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗮𝗹𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗱𝗼𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗲𝗱 𝗱𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗹𝘀 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗮𝗽𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗹. 𝗠𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻 𝗮 𝗺𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗞𝗵𝗺𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗴𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗲𝘀; 𝗟𝗼𝘄-𝗰𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗿𝗼𝗼𝗺𝘀 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗿𝗶𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗱 𝗼𝗳𝗳 𝗹𝗶𝗸𝗲 𝗯𝘂𝗻𝘀. 𝗜𝗻 𝗮 𝗿𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗿𝘆 𝗹𝗶𝗸𝗲 𝗖𝗮𝗺𝗯𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗮, 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘀𝗲 𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗮 𝗴𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗼𝗽𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗻𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘀𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗵𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗽𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝗶𝗴 𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝘁𝗼 𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗺 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝘃𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗿 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘁. 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗽𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝘂𝗹 𝗖𝗵𝗵𝗻𝗮𝗺, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗻𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹, 𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗞𝗵𝗺𝗲𝗿 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗬𝗲𝗮𝗿, 𝗣𝗵𝗻𝗼𝗺 𝗣𝗲𝗻𝗵 𝗲𝗺𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗶𝗻𝗵𝗮𝗯𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝘄𝗵𝗼 𝗿𝗲𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗻 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝘃𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀.


𝗕𝗼𝗻 𝗢𝗺 𝗧𝗼𝘂𝗸 𝗵𝗮𝘀 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲 𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗻𝗴𝗸𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀 𝘄𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗯𝗮𝘁 𝘀𝗸𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗯𝘆 𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘇𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗲𝘁𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀. 𝗥𝗮𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝘄𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝗮 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮 𝘄𝗮𝘆 𝘁𝗼 𝗱𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗳𝘂𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗺𝗽𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗽𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗮𝘆𝗼𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗕𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗮𝘆 𝗖𝗵𝗺𝗮𝗿 𝘀𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗻𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗹 𝗯𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗹𝗲𝘀. 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝘀𝗲 𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗯𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗻𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗷𝗼𝘂𝘀𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗺𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗲𝘃𝗮𝗹 𝗘𝘂𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗲. 

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗯𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗮𝗹𝘀𝗼 𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗱𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝗮𝗻𝗸𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗼𝗻𝗹𝗲 𝗦𝗮𝗽 𝗥𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿: 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘆 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗮 𝘄𝗮𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝗸𝗼𝗻𝗴 (𝗡𝗮𝗴ā)  𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗽𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗳𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗹𝗲 𝘀𝗶𝗹𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗿𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘀𝘂𝗽𝗽𝗹𝘆𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝗮𝗯𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗳𝗶𝘀𝗵. 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗶𝘀 𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗿𝗲𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗻𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗻𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲 𝘁𝗼𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗲𝗮. 𝗕𝗲𝗰𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗺𝗮𝘇𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗽𝗵𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗻, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗼𝗻𝗹𝗲 𝗦𝗮𝗽 𝗥𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗿𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗲𝘀 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲 𝗱𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗼𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘀𝗽𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘀 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗹𝗮𝗸𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗲. 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗻, 𝗮𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘆 𝘀𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗼𝗻 𝗱𝗿𝗮𝘄𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗮 𝗰𝗹𝗼𝘀𝗲, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗿𝗲𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗻𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗹𝗮𝗸𝗲 𝗳𝗹𝗼𝘄𝘀 𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗸 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝗸𝗼𝗻𝗴, 𝗹𝗲𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗳𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝘂𝗱. 𝗜𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝘀𝗮𝗶𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘄𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗱𝗲𝘀 𝘀𝗼 𝗾𝘂𝗶𝗰𝗸𝗹𝘆 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗲𝗻𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 𝘁𝗼 𝗯𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝗱𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝘁𝗼 𝗺𝗮𝗸𝗲 𝗮 𝗺𝗶𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗳𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴; 𝘀𝗼𝗺𝗲 𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝘀𝗮𝘆 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗱 𝗳𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗲𝘀!

𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗮 𝘀𝗽𝗶𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝗼𝗶𝗻𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹 𝗼𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗽𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗻𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗸 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗽𝗶𝗿𝗶𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘄𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗡𝗮𝗴ā  𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗵𝗮𝗿𝘃𝗲𝘀𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝘀𝗸 𝗵𝗶𝗺 𝘁𝗼 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗱𝗲 𝗲𝗻𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 𝗿𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗼𝘄𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿. 

𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗰𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗺 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗯𝗲 𝗼𝗯𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗲𝗱 𝗮𝘁 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗼 𝗽𝗿𝗮𝘆𝗮 𝗶𝗻 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱  / 𝗜𝗿𝗮𝘄𝗮𝗱𝗱𝗶 𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝗠𝘆𝗮𝗻𝗺𝗮𝗿 / 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗲𝗸𝗼𝗻𝗴. 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝘄𝗲𝗿𝗲  𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗙𝘂𝗻𝗮𝗻 (𝗣𝗵𝗻𝗼𝗺 𝗻𝗼𝗸𝗼𝗿) 𝘄𝗵𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝟯 𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝗮𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗡𝗮𝗴ā 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗳𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗤𝘂𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗦𝗼𝗺𝗮 𝗰𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝘀𝗼𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘂𝗺 𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗮𝗹𝗶 𝗼𝗿 𝗞𝗮𝗺𝗯𝗼𝗷𝗮𝗱𝗲𝘀𝗮 𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗦𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗸𝗿𝗶𝘁, 𝘄𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗺𝗲𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝗴𝗼𝗹𝗱𝗲𝗻 𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱.

𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝗺𝗮𝘆 𝗯𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻 𝟰𝟬𝟬 𝗽𝗶𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗱𝗿𝗮𝗴𝗼𝗻 𝗯𝗼𝗮𝘁𝘀 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗼𝗻𝗹𝗲 𝗦𝗮𝗽. 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝗶𝘀 𝗮 𝗹𝗼𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗲𝘅𝗰𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗵𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗮𝘀𝗺 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮 𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝘁𝗺𝗼𝘀𝗽𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗶𝗴𝗻𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗲𝘁𝘀. 

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝗼𝗮𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗮𝗯𝗹𝘆 𝗽𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗱. 𝗦𝗼𝗺𝗲 𝗲𝘅𝗰𝗲𝗲𝗱 𝟯𝟬 𝗺𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝟴𝟬 𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿𝘀. 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗲𝘁𝗶𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗱𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗯𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗹𝘆 𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗷𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗲𝘆𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗿𝘁𝘀 𝗯𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗼𝗿'𝘀 𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗼. 𝗢𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗻, 𝗮 𝗰𝗼𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝗱𝘆 𝘀𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝗼𝘄 𝘁𝗼 𝗮𝗱𝗱 𝗮 𝘁𝗼𝘂𝗰𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗴𝗹𝗮𝗺𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁. 

𝗠𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗯𝗼𝗮𝘁 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴. 𝗜𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗮 𝘄𝗮𝘆 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗺 𝘁𝗼 𝘀𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝗰𝗹𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗲. 

𝗠𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗯𝗼𝗮𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗮𝘁 (𝗕𝘂𝗱𝗱𝗵𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀) 𝗯𝗲𝗰𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘆 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗻𝗹𝘆 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗱 𝗳𝗹𝗮𝘁 𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗲𝗻𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 𝘁𝗼 𝗹𝗲𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝘀𝘂𝗰𝗵 𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗯𝗼𝗮𝘁𝘀. 

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗮𝗸𝗲 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲 𝘁𝘄𝗼 𝗯𝘆 𝘁𝘄𝗼 𝗯𝘆 𝗮 𝗸𝗶𝗹𝗼𝗺𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗶𝗱𝗱𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗰𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗽𝗮𝗱𝗱𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗺𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗿𝗲𝘄 𝗮𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘆 𝗽𝗮𝘀𝘀. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗰𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗽𝗶𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗺-𝘂𝗽 𝗼𝗳 𝗳𝘂𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗲𝘁𝗶𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗰𝗿𝗲𝘄𝘀 𝘁𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗲. 

𝗜𝗻 𝗮 𝘄𝗮𝘆, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝘆 𝗮𝘁𝗺𝗼𝘀𝗽𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝘀𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗶𝘀 𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗲𝘅𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗲𝘁𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗺𝘀𝗲𝗹𝘃𝗲𝘀. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗱𝘀 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗯𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗴𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱𝘀 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗲𝗺𝗽𝘁𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗰𝗮𝗿 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗳𝗳𝗶𝗰. 𝗔𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗱𝗮𝘆, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗶𝘀𝗼𝘄𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝘄𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗳 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗲𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗽𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗲. 

𝗔𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗲𝘁𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝘀, 𝗮𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝗳𝗮𝘃𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗲 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗺 𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗲. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗿𝗲𝘄𝘀 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗹𝗮𝗺𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗦𝗶𝘀𝗼𝘄𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗳 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗰𝗹𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗻𝗼𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴. 

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘀 𝗰𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀. 𝗔𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝗼𝗻 𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗲𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗸𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗮𝗽𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗹, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗮𝘇𝗲 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝗲𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘂𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝗼𝗮𝘁𝘀 𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗿𝗼𝘆𝗮𝗹 𝗯𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗾𝘂𝗲𝗲𝗻. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗻𝘂𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗻𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗸𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗼𝗸𝗲 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗼𝘀, 𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗶𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗱𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗳𝗹𝗼𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗽𝘀.

𝗕𝗼𝗻 𝗢𝗺 𝗧𝗼𝘂𝗸 𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝗹𝘀𝗼 𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗽𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗻𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝘁𝗼 𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗹 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗲 𝗢𝗸 𝗔𝗺𝗯𝗼𝗸, 𝗮 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗺𝗮𝗱𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗳𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗽𝗼𝗱, 𝘀𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗰𝗿𝘂𝘀𝗵𝗲𝗱 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗮 𝗴𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘁 𝗽𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗹𝗲, 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝗺𝗶𝘅𝗲𝗱 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗰𝗼𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘂𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗯𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗻𝗮𝘀.

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗢𝗸 𝗔𝗺𝗯𝗼𝗸 𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝗹𝘀𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗰𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗮𝗸𝗲𝘀 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱 𝗱𝗮𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗯𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗶𝘀 𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘇𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗮𝗴𝗼𝗱𝗮𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗿𝘆 𝘁𝗼 𝘄𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗵𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝘁𝗼 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗖𝗮𝗺𝗯𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘀.

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗵𝗻𝗼𝗺 𝗣𝗲𝗻𝗵 𝗼𝗻 𝗦𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗮𝘆, 𝗯𝘂𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗻𝘂𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀, 𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝗼𝗮𝘁𝘀 𝗿𝗲𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗻 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝗵𝗼𝗺𝗲 𝘃𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝗰𝗿𝗲𝘄𝘀 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗲𝘁𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝘀𝘂𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗰𝘆.

𝗡𝗼𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝗯𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗳𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝗶 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗯𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗟𝗼𝘆 𝗞𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗯𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝟭𝟴𝘁𝗵 𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆 𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗥𝗮𝗺𝗮 𝗜𝗩 𝘄𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗯𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗼𝗱𝗱𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗛𝗶𝗻𝗱𝘂 𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗮 𝗮 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘀𝘆 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗮 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗿𝘆 𝘄𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝘄𝗮𝘀 𝗯𝗼𝗿𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗹𝘄𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝘄𝗮𝘀 𝗕𝘂𝗱𝗱𝗵𝗶𝘀𝘁.

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 UNESCO LIST KOH KER TEMPLE REGION AS WORLD HERITAGE IN PREAH VIHEAR PROVINCE,KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA 🇰🇭

The ancient temple region of Koh Ker has become Cambodia’s fourth historical and cultural tourism destination to be listed as UNESCO's World Heritage on September 17 -2023 during the 45th session of the World Heritage Committee in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Koh Ker Temple  is a remote archaeological site in northern Cambodia about 120 Km  away from Siem Reap.The site is about Two and Half Hours away from Siem Reap. Koh Ker was once an ancient capital of Cambodia, built by two Khmer kings King Jayarvaraman IV and Harshavaraman II between (928–944 AD).

The temple is 35 meters high, and its design resembles a seven-stepped stupa. 

The temple faces west toward Angkor city. It was built in reverence to Treypuvanesvara (a Hindu god of happiness). All together 96 temples have been found in the Koh Ker Complex, but many of them are no longer standing and some are buried in the ground.

The monument itself (namely the Prasat Thom Pyramid).Since 1992 the site of Koh Ker is on the UNESCO tentative world heritage list.

@Khmer empire 

@Khmer classical dance 

@Khmer costumes 

@Angkor Wat of Cambodia 🇰🇭

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 BEAUTIFUL CHURNING OF THE OCEAN OF MILK HEAVEN (APSARA DANCE),KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA 🐉🇰🇭

The Apsara dance is a traditional dance of the Kingdom of Cambodia that dates back to the 6th century according to some of the carvings found at the Sambor Prei Kuk temples (Cambodia’s Kompong Thom province) which immortalised Apsaras dancing on the stone. Apsaras’ dance is an essential part of the Khmer culture which finds its roots in both Hindu and Buddhist mythologies.

According to the Hindu mythology, Apsaras were beautiful female creatures that descended from heaven to entertain Gods and Kings with their dance. Legend has it that they were born from the Churning of the Ocean of Milk and thus, are messengers of peace between Kings on earth and Gods in heaven. It is also said that Apsaras were the wives of Gandharvas who were servants at the palace of Indra, the King of Gods. As willing servants of Indra, the ethereal nymphs seduced mortals with their beauty if those threatened the power of the King of Gods. The power of Apsaras over men was beyond comparison as both mortals and divinities could not resist the charms of the “celestial dancers” – which is the meaning of “Apsaras” in ancient Sanskrit.

According to scholars, the Apsara dance already existed in the 6th-7th centuries. Hundreds of Apsaras are depicted on the stone carved walls of the Angkor site, especially in Angkor Wat and the ancient city of Angkor Thom. The most famous Khmer King of the Angkorian period, Javayarman VII (12th century), was said to have over three thousands of Apsara dancers in his court.

This traditional dance is meaningful in many ways as it constitutes a link between the different religions on which Cambodia had been built upon (Animism, Hinduism, and Buddhism). Indeed, every single movement of the fingers has a particular meaning. It can worship the spirits of nature by depicting a blossoming flower or refer to one of the hundreds legends of Hinduism.

Moreover, Apsara’s movements have many significant values, since this traditional Khmer ballet is a connection between the different religions in Cambodia. In total, there are over 4500 gestures in this dance, hands to legs and through the body. This reminds us of an extremely subtle and stylised form of art developed in Cambodia. These movements are so complex that girls start training from childhood to gain the necessary flexibility in hand and feet gestures. In this way, they can subsequently make the enormous and complex movements that give the impression that dancers float in the clouds.

Apsara dancers are always well-dressed with traditional costumes that can also be seen on the Angkor temples’ walls. They wear elegant silk clothing with floral motifs, magnificent headdresses and jewelries.

In 2003, the UNESCO recognised the Apsara dance as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. It is the very first time that a cultural element of Cambodia appears on this list. Hopefully, this world recognition is the first in a long series to come!

@Khmer empire 

@Khmer dance 

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@Angkor Wat of Cambodia 

@Cambodia of wonder 

@Khmer apsara dance 🐉

#Ka Tourk❤️🇰🇭

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